Leadership Style Of The Workplace - 832 Words

Madison Perez is a front desk manager at the Breck Inn in Breckenridge, Colorado. She currently writes the front desk schedule and makes sure that everything is in order while she is gone. She has set up numerous check lists that each employee is responsible for following and making sure that everything gets done in a day. Each task list spread out throughout the day so not only one employee is doing everything but so that every employee is working together like one unit. She is very knowledgeable about every position that is currently at her hotel, so in case of emergencies she can help out and be effective. I know this leader from a previous work opportunity where she was also a front desk manager. Leadership Style Based on C.O.A.T, I believe her to be a most effective communicator and advising her employees to better themselves with the company. She is an effective communicator because she isn’t afraid to say what needs to be done and she’s also not afraid to talk with her coworkers and employees to help them better understand what the company policies are. She holds weekly staff meetings to better understand what her staff needs and how she can accomplish those goals. With the weekly staff meetings, she can communicate with her employees what needs to be done, demonstrates how she wants it done and then end with assignments for groups and any questions that her employees might have. She has an open door policy so if someone wishes to talk to her about a concern orShow MoreRelatedLeadership Styles Of The Workplace1166 Words   |  5 Pagesstressful, constantly changing and multifaceted. Leadership is the ability to influence others in order to attain goals (Lamberton Minor, 201 4). Leaders in the workplace must take responsibility to ensure they do the right things. Leaders typically possess characteristics such as enthusiasm, dominance, emotional stability, self-assurance, and conscientiousness. They have a strong sense of ethics and work hard in order to build integrity in their workplace (U.S. Small Business Administration [SBA], nRead MoreLeadership Styles During The Workplace761 Words   |  4 Pages Different leadership styles result in various results in the workplace. The Fiedler contingency model postulates a leader’s style is static; however, God can transform anyone’s heart and thus their leadership style. Additionally, the grapevine can be an important tool for employers. As long as each individual chooses to use gossip for honorable purposes, God will bless the workplace. ORIGINAL POST Read MoreLeadership Styles Of Hostile Workplace1458 Words   |  6 Pages Leadership Styles in Hostile Workplaces in the Military The military organization is susceptible to bullying in the workplace and hostile work environments due to the inherent nature of the military structure. Different leadership styles can be used to combat bullying and hostile work environments and minimize their effects. Some leadership styles further contribute to problem. Furthermore leadership styles that are helpful in one situation may contribute to problems in a different situationRead MoreMy Leadership Style Of The Workplace1541 Words   |  7 PagesMy Leadership Style in the Workplace What is leadership? There are endless variations of the definition of the term, however, the one that I agree most with as defined by Ledlow and Coppola. Leadership is the ability to assess, develop, maintain, and change the organizational culture to meet the needs and the expectations of the external environment. There are many great leaders today that anyone can name off in an instant. We all try to be leaders in some part of our lives whether it be at homeRead MoreLeadership Styles Within The Workplace1511 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizations large and small have different leadership styles within. Some of them are very laidback and others follow company manuals to the â€Å"T†. The purpose of leadership is to create and promote change, and that people involved in leadership are not just the subject of change but also the driving force behind it (DeGrosky, 2012). A leader must understand the goals and objectives of a company and do everything in their power to accomplish t hem. An effective way to accomplish this is leadingRead MoreEffective Leadership Styles Within The Workplace1584 Words   |  7 PagesEffective leadership styles Abstract An effective leader influences their employees in a desired manner to achieve goals and objectives. Different leadership styles can affect an organization’s effectiveness and performance. The objective of this paper is to analyze the review of literature on various leadership styles over the past years and how effective and ineffective different leadership styles are in the workplace. Introduction A leader is defined as a person with responsibility to influenceRead Moresat 2 Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pages My Leadership Style Analysis WGU Leadership SAT2 Task 1 My Leadership Style Analysis A1. Leadership Style Evaluation There are many different leadership styles. After reading the assigned chapters for this task. I was able to identify my own leadership style as a result. In order to know my leadership style, I took a series of assessments in order to determine my personal leadership style. Assessments I took that helped me to determine my personal leadership style are: â€Å"theRead MoreEssay about Understanding Leadership1102 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding leadership Learner name: Learner registration number: Note: The ‘lines/box’ below a question is for guidance purposes only. Marks are not deducted for writing more. It is perfectly acceptable for all answers to be continued on additional forms provided they are attached to the assignment when making a submission. The availability of the form electronically allows learners to expand the ‘lines/box’ as required. | UNDERSTAND LEADERSHIP STYLES 1.1 Describe the factors thatRead MoreLeadership Qualities : The Best Laid Business Plan886 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership Qualities: The best laid business plan is doomed to fail if the HRM that is charged with implementing it lacks the leadership skills necessary to earn the trust, respect, and ultimately the support for the plan among the operating managers and employees. Establishing a solid leadership concept is detrimental to any organization; if they wish to succeed. Human Resource Managers ability to lead effectively can be based on a number of essential skills. One sought after leadership skill thatRead MoreWorkplace Bullying And Effective And Ineffective Management Strategies1683 Words   |  7 Pagesworkers have reported that they have been affected by workplace bullying, whether they were the target or the witness (2). The nursing profession is no exception to this startling statistic. Both the American Nurses Association (ANA) and The Joint Commission (TJC) have add ressed the need for a positive work environment that is â€Å"free of abusive behavior, such as bullying, hostility, abuse of authority, and reprisal for identifying abuse in the workplace† (8). Bullying in nursing is thought to begin during

Don Barry Minkow s Fake Insurance Restoration Business

After reading the case, it was truly fascinating how a very young man, Barry Minkow, could pull off such a huge fraud and how greed and audaciousness can make someone become so unethical. The fact that a young man had a goal and would do everything and anything to make sure he reaches his goal led him to commit fraud through his fake insurance restoration business. It all started when he was 15 years old and was driven to be successful, so he began a carpet cleaning business but soon came to realize that he would make it big if he were in the insurance restoration business. The way he gained customers for his business was by calling channel 4 in Los Angeles, pretending to be a fact customer, and explaining to them how the 16-year-old owner†¦show more content†¦This shows that Minkow is an egoist because his only concern was himself and how he could benefit himself and did everything to make sure he was continuing to make money. He defies the 6 Pillars of Character, which are trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring, and citizenship. As the case was briefly explained Barry broke each pillar by lying to everyone and creating the phony company. He was also lying about his revenue and overcharging customers for services, which is unfair because he is stealing from people who trusted him. He had the responsibility to do what was right and didn’t because he didn’t care about anyone but himself and becoming successful. Since the auditors failed to do their job properly, they should be held liable for failing to plan and perform the audit to discover material fraud. The red flags the auditors should have picked up when conducting the audit included rapid growth, bank transfers and other accounts, the avoidance of confirming the insurance restoration jobs, consistency of all the invoices, extravagant life style, cash flow problems, and problems meeting loan payments. Also the auditors never looked at construction contracts, issues, and whether ZZZZ Best had the necessary permits to do the work. This shows the auditors failed to exercise professional skepticism. Due to the failure of the auditors the customers and banks were

Wedding Dance Free Essays

Our third posting on a short story by an author from the Philippines will be on a writer from the Ilocos province, Amador Daguio. Dagui was born in 1912 in the Ilocos province. His father was an officer in the national police of the Philippines. We will write a custom essay sample on Wedding Dance or any similar topic only for you Order Now He lived with his uncle in Manila while attending high school as there were no high schools in his home area. During this period he became very lonely and was driven to write poetry to express his feelings, one of which was published in a national publication while he was still in high school. In 1932 he graduated with honors from the University of the Philippines. He returned to the area where he grew up and worked as a teacher and married a local woman. During WWII he joined the resistance and would eventually publish a well regarded collection of poems about his experiences during the war years. He is primarily known as a poet but also wrote some wonderful short stories. In 1953 he received a Fulbright grant to study at Stanford University in California where he studied the short story. For Twenty Six years after returning from the USA he taught at the University of the East and the University of the Philippines. He passed away in 1966 and in 1973 he was awarded the National Cultural Award. â€Å"The Wedding Dance† was first published in 1953 by Stanford University in an annual publication of works by participants in their literary programs. It is a very moving and beautifully written story that lets us see a way of life most know little about and is set in a nearly forgotten culture, that of the tribal people of northern Luzon. Marriage in this culture was seen as more or less a contract between a man and a woman for the purposes of producing children. If after seven harvests, there is no child, either party is free to break the bond and seek another spouse. A childless couple was seen as a very sad matter and often the masculinity of the husband was considered suspect. As the story opens the man is telling his beloved wife he is sorry this has to happen, he is sorry he must take another wife as she has proved barren (leaving aside medical fact it might be him). He offers her part of their land but she refuses. He tells her she should go to the wedding dance for his new marriage to show she is accepting of what is happening. She refuses all but some beads he gave her. She is still the most attractive woman in the community, the best homemaker and the best at growing crops. It is really a heartbreaking story as I could sense the man did not want to do this but community pressures and cultural norms were driving him to divorce a woman he truly loved for one he cares little about. The ending is beautifully done and leaves opens what will happen to the wife. She really seems like a â€Å"perfect wife† and one cannot help but feel the man is foolish and to make it worse, he knows it. ? The Wedding Dance by Amador T. Daguio is about Awiyao and Lumnay, a long married couple from the Mountain tribes. Awiyao is going to marry another woman, Madulimay, because Lumnay was not able to give him a child. Awiyao went back home to see Lumnay because he didn’t find her among the dancers at his wedding. He wanted Lumnay to dance at his wedding for the last time but she cannot. On their moment, there are many flashbacks about how Lumnay did her best to have a child, through offering to the god, Kabunyan; and how Awiyao and Lumnay’s love was as strong as the river; but â€Å"it is just that a man must have a child†, and he had to leave her. He promised her that if he fails to have a child, he will come back to her. She wanted to protest against the written rule that a man can marry another woman, so Lumnay went to the wedding dance. But while seeing her husband married to another woman, she could not take it anymore and just went to the mountain to clear away the beans she had thought about. And so Lumnay, waiting for Awiyao a long time, thought of Awiyao’s promise as she cleared away the growing bean plants. ? How to cite Wedding Dance, Essay examples

International Symposium on Environmental Biogeochemistry

Question: Discuss about the International Symposium on Environmental Biogeochemistry. Answer: Introduction: Australia is a vast country richly supplied with natural minerals. The major minerals in Australia are Coal, iron ore, petroleum, copper, zinc, bauxite, natural gas etc. The mining industry started in about the late 20th century. In the current years, there has been a great change in the mining industry relating to production and processing of minerals (Reeson, Measham and Hosking 2012). This change will have its impact on the employment and wages of the laborers employed in mining industry. This change will also reflect on the sales and profit earned by the company thereby reflecting a change in the countrys economy (Downes, Hanslow and Tulip 2014). In this assignment, the change in mining pattern of the country has been studied. The effect of the change in employment pattern, wage of laborers, operating profit before taxes and the industry value added services has been tried to find out in this assignment. An outline idea about the data collection methods, analysis of the data are given in this assignment Problem statement The problem statement of this research work is to find out: 1. The change in mining patterns of Australia since 2010. 2. The effect of this change on employment pattern, salaries, operating profit in the industry. Research aim: The aim of this research is to find out 1. How the mining industry has altered over the years since 2000. 2. What is the impact of this growth in the employment, wages, profit of the industry. Research objective: The objective of the research is to study the changing pattern in the mining industry and the effect of this change on profit, employment, and wages of laborers in the industry. Research questions The questions of this research work are as follows: 1. What are the changes in mining industry since the year 2000? 2. What are the effects of this change in operating profit earned by the industry, employment and wage figures in the industry? Literature review: Mining industry in Australia is one of the primary industries of the country. Mining generates about 54 % of total goods and services of the country and contributes about 6-7% of countrys GDP. The industry employs about 2% of the laborers of Australia and also supports a large number of industries (Fleming and Measham 2015). The industry has contracted in the year 2014-2015over various important factors. The figures of value added of the mining industry have been decreased by 7.4%.The largest decrease happened in case of metal ore. Export prices have also fallen. Wage and employment growth rate has been decreased (Reeson, Measham and Hosking 2012). Variables and hypothesis: The main variables concerned in this study are production figures of different minerals, income or profit generated from selling these minerals, various other factors like wages, employment, inventories purchased etc. The production figures and income are independent variables. On the other hand, wages, employment, inventories to be purchased depends on the production figures. So these are dependent variables (Trudinger, Walter and Ralph 2013). The hypotheses that are to be tested in this research work are: 1. There is any seasonal or cyclical pattern in the production figures. 2. The employment, wage figures, cost of inventories are dependent on income figures. Operational definitions and measurements: The problem in this research work is to estimate the effect of change of income in employment status, wage value, labor and capital in the mining industry. The variables of income are measured in terms of millions of $. The other variables like wages, expenses, labor costs, and change in inventories are also measured in millions of $. The figures of employments are measured in number. Since the figures are for the whole mining industry and quite large, an error of about 5% can be tolerated. The data is secondary data has been collected from Australian Bureau of Statistics. The data is subjected to non sampling errors. Research design and methodology: The data collected here is a secondary data. The data is obtained in the form of an excel file from an organizations site. The data contains figures of employment, wages, sales and services, expenses, income etc. The relevant variables for this assignment have to be extracted from the table. No such constraints will be involved in doing this work. The research questions will be answered by applying suitable statistics analysis like regression and time series analysis on these variables. Data collection: The data collected for this research work is mainly the secondary data. The data can be collected from the site of Australian Bureau of Statistics. The data relating to mining operations and its impact on employment, wages and salaries of employees, total profit inventories, capital is obtained from the website. The data is a five years data from 2011(Search.abs.gov.au 2016). Data Analysis The data collected will be analyzed by using various statistical methods. The data on the mining and production of minerals is basically a time series data. The data can be analyzed using various time series analysis methods (Montgomery, Jennings and Kulahci 2015). The different components of time series have to be analyzed. The time series analysis includes: Trend: To determine if there is any trend in the values. Seasonal variations: To see if there are any seasonal variations in the values. Cyclical variations: To see if there is any oscillatory movement in the time series data. Irregular component: To see if there is any irregular movement in the values (Montgomery, Jennings and Kulahci 2015). Apart from these to see the impact of the changes on profit, laborer, wages, capital, cost, inventories a regression analysis has to be carried out. A linear regression can be fitted. The income is the independent variable and expenditure, wages, salaries are dependent variables. A significant value of the regression coefficient will indicate the variable has a major effect on the value of income (Grmping 2012). Conclusion: In this assignment, the change in production of coal and effect of the change in the different factors like wages, employment are being studied. The impact of the overall change on the mining industry is shown in this assignment. Further the future values of production figures can be estimated. This assignment will help the people of the country to get a deeper look into the problems faced by the industry and take preventive measures. References: Downes, P., Hanslow, K. And Tulip, P., 2014.The effect of the mining boom on the Australian economy. Reserve Bank of Australia. Fleming, D.A. and Measham, T.G., 2015. Local economic impacts of an unconventional energy boom: the coal seam gas industry in Australia.Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,59(1), pp.78-94. Grmping, U., 2012. Estimators of relative importance in linear regression based on variance decomposition.The American Statistician. Measham, T.G., Haslam Mckenzie, F., Moffat, K. And Franks, D.M., 2013. An expanded role for the mining sector in Australian society?.Rural Society,22(2), pp.184-194. Montgomery, D.C., Jennings, C.L. and Kulahci, M., 2015.Introduction to time series analysis and forecasting. John Wiley Sons. Montgomery, D.C., Jennings, C.L. and Kulahci, M., 2015.Introduction to time series analysis and forecasting. John Wiley Sons. Reeson, A.F., Measham, T.G. and Hosking, K., 2012. Mining activity, income inequality and gender in regional Australia.Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,56(2), pp.302-313. Trudinger, P.A., Walter, M.R. and Ralph, B.J. eds., 2013.Biogeochemistry of Ancient and Modern Environments: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Environmental Biogeochemistry (ISEB) and, Conference on Biogeochemistry in Relation to the Mining Industry and Environmental Pollution (Leaching Conference), held in Canberra, Australia, 26 August4 September 1979. Springer Science Business Media. Search.abs.gov.au. (2016). Searching: Australian Bureau of Statistics (www.abs.gov.au). [online] Available at: https://search.abs.gov.au/s/search.html?collection=absform=simpleprofile=_default_previewquery=mining [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016].

Justice Essays (126 words) - African-American People, Joe Jackson

Tito Jackson (Toriano Adaryll Jackson) was born on Thursday, October 15, 1953 in Gary and he is a famous musician from United States.Life in Brief: - Being born on Oct 15, Tito is a Libra. - his ethnicity: Black. - his mother's name: Katherine Esther Scruse. - his father's name: Joe Jackson. - Brother jascvhawevfuiwevgf awgiflu gawweyfvaweyif yaw fyaweyf aflel al gfilwgif al fgailweg fa egawilfw ef alw dil fiwgeilfg ;awil gfl alf wielf w; ef; we;fl; g;wel; ;fw;li; f;e; aw;l; f;wie;gf;a ;w;ef ;geil;awg fl;g we;ali;f ;gwelig;f;il;dg;awl; ;;liaf; w;filgawil5g2f6+ila3wg flawg l3if5li5f 25w 5a8l f9awl 65 5+f +f 56+5awgli+65g+weil59+igf6awl 9+e6f89 5+aw6f 98aw56 956w 9 69+ 6awf+8 6f+86 f f85f +lawef8fil69+6f8f f f f awil

Free Essays on Anonymous

Massage Therapy By: Anonymous Recently, the practice of massage therapy has grown remarkably in the United States. It has become more widely accepted as a medical practice by doctors as well as the general public. Massage is defined as: †¦the systematic manual or mechanical manipulations of the soft tissues of the body by such movements as rubbing, kneading, pressing, rolling, slapping, and tapping, for therapeutic purposes such as promoting circulation of the blood and lymph, relaxation of muscles, relief from pain, restoration of metabolic balance, and other benefits both physical and mental (Beck 3). The use of massage therapy has many benefits that even medicine or other methods of relief cannot offer. Historical evidence has led to indicate that massage was probably one of the earliest remedies for pain relief and for the restoration of the body. The roots of massage can be traced back to ancient civilizations where many artifacts have been found to support the belief that prehistoric people massaged th eir muscles and perhaps even used some form of oil. Early civilizations including ancient Chinese, Japanese, Indian, Hindu, Greek and Roman used some form of massage therapy treatment. With the decline of the Roman Empire, popularity of massage and health care in general also declined. The Renaissance period brought back the interest in health and science, and massage once again became common practice. In the following century, medical practitioners incorporated massage therapy into their healing treatments. Early in the nineteenth century, Per Henrik Ling, a physiologist and fencing master, from Sweden developed systems of movements that he found to be beneficial in improving physical conditions. Based on the science of physiology, his movements became known as Medical Gymnastics. Ling established the Royal Swedish Central Institute of Gymnastics in 1813. Ling's Medical Gymnastics was taught in his new institute and became ... Free Essays on Anonymous Free Essays on Anonymous Holocaust Remembrance Wednesday April, 30 2003 I attended Mendel Rosenburg’s speech on his own life experiences during and after the Holocaust. It is hard to believe that a person can go through many years of their life being tormented and live to talk about it. Mendel said that he would not talk about his experiences with the Holocaust for over twenty-five years. It was way too hard for him to talk or even think about his father being taken from his family and being shot right in front of him and also all the hardships he went through. This speech was very interesting to me and I now have an extreme interest in the Holocaust and would like to learn more about. Mendel Rosenburg was born in Lithuania and raised in what he called the â€Å"Lithuanian ghetto†. In 1930 Lithuania was controlled by Germany, and was under the communist rule. Mendel was taken to a concentration camp at the age of 13. June 1941 the war between Germany and Russia was going on and Russia was getting to close to Germany so the Germans started arresting all the adult male Jews. They were taking them into the desert, making them dig large holes in the dirt the shooting them and burring the in the holes that they dug themselves. On July 18, 1941 Mendel’s father was one of the men killed in the desert. The Germans wanted to get all the Jews out of Lithuania so they moved over 240,000 to a place Mendel called another ghetto. They placed his whole family in a small room with another mother and her children. Mendel and his older brother made bunks for everyone to sleep on. They made all the men left in the ghetto work all day long in agricultural fields. Food was rationed between each family so the more people in your family the less food everyone was allowed to eat. It was not long before the Germans came in to the ‘ghetto’ and demanded that all the children come with them and they would take them to a children’s concentration camp. When all the paren... Free Essays on Anonymous Massage Therapy By: Anonymous Recently, the practice of massage therapy has grown remarkably in the United States. It has become more widely accepted as a medical practice by doctors as well as the general public. Massage is defined as: †¦the systematic manual or mechanical manipulations of the soft tissues of the body by such movements as rubbing, kneading, pressing, rolling, slapping, and tapping, for therapeutic purposes such as promoting circulation of the blood and lymph, relaxation of muscles, relief from pain, restoration of metabolic balance, and other benefits both physical and mental (Beck 3). The use of massage therapy has many benefits that even medicine or other methods of relief cannot offer. Historical evidence has led to indicate that massage was probably one of the earliest remedies for pain relief and for the restoration of the body. The roots of massage can be traced back to ancient civilizations where many artifacts have been found to support the belief that prehistoric people massaged th eir muscles and perhaps even used some form of oil. Early civilizations including ancient Chinese, Japanese, Indian, Hindu, Greek and Roman used some form of massage therapy treatment. With the decline of the Roman Empire, popularity of massage and health care in general also declined. The Renaissance period brought back the interest in health and science, and massage once again became common practice. In the following century, medical practitioners incorporated massage therapy into their healing treatments. Early in the nineteenth century, Per Henrik Ling, a physiologist and fencing master, from Sweden developed systems of movements that he found to be beneficial in improving physical conditions. Based on the science of physiology, his movements became known as Medical Gymnastics. Ling established the Royal Swedish Central Institute of Gymnastics in 1813. Ling's Medical Gymnastics was taught in his new institute and became ... Free Essays on Anonymous Zen Teaching This aspect of Zen teaching, the existence of the positive in the negative is difficult for many people to comprehend, especially since it is also taught that both the positive and the negative (Yang and Yin) co-exist in interactive interdependency in what is termed the 'Tai Chi' (symbolised by the Yin and Yang aspects linked together in the two halves of a circle. But even more than this, it is further taught that the Tai Chi is only a way of conceptualizing the infinite or absolute which contains 'all that which is, and all that which is not'. This concept seems to be unique to Taoism and Buddhism, and it is usually only advanced students who enter 'mondo' (question and answer, or discussion) on topics such as these, and such matters are not frequently discussed during normal sesshin. The reason for this (apart from the complexities involved) is that Zen students arae not encouraged to consider abstract or mystical matters until they are quite advanced. Such matters as 'the infinite', and 'eternity', are termed 'the song of the absolute', and we are warned in the precepts, "Be diligent in your practice, and on hearing the music of the absolute, do not be so foolish as to try to sing its song." This statement is in fact a reference to the difference between experiential learning (learning through experience) and cognitive learning (learning through study). In meditation we lose awareness of the ego, and might sthus sometimes lose awareness of the 'self'. Although this does happen without meditation (and without Zen) for some people, it is more usual for it to occur in a meditative state. It is an essential precursor to deep meditation, and to a state or attitude known as 'kufu' (the technique beyond technique). What the student is being told in the above precept is that although such states can and do occur, they are experiential rather than cognitive, which is to say t... Free Essays on Anonymous Venus and Mars, Adam and Eve, Birds and the Bees; what are the different between the two sexes? Both are from the same human race and both have the same basic human needs, but the word â€Å"human† can’t describe the differences between the two. They are two different entities, each acting within their own unique way. They can also be the same in many ways, but different in the other way. When combined, in love, they form into one. Female and Male need each other. They would feel lonely and depress without one another causing their life to be much difficult. Female and male mentality is totally different. In terms of evolution, the males are known as the hunters roam the land in order to provide food and shelter for the family. This is usually done in groups because hunting cannot be done alone since there are many dangers back in the day. This can explain why males usually always make friends so easily. To make networks, a male has to be more outgoing, cooperative, and resourcefulness. This explains the current mentality that males display in modern culture. The smartest and the bravest male are usually the leaders and the rest follows. This can be seen in grade and middle school when the bad boy or the loudest boy is usually the most popular. This feeling or mentality was programmed into males through millions of years of evolution. By hunting, males had to be hardened to survive. From the millions of years of hunting which required many physical strength and ability. Gradually males became more physical built, while females stayed at home taking care of housework which required less physical strength. Thus explaining why males are usually bigger and stronger then females. Females on the other hand were the gatherers back in millions of years ago. They weren’t forced to deal with the harsh conditions of hunting, instead they gathered. Gathering requires less physical work and has less strain on the body, ...

Power that Information Technology opens up in Information Essay

Power that Information Technology opens up in Information Technology-led organizational - Essay Example The rise of the discipline of statistics was an outcome of the will of the state to get knowledge of the population and its tendencies such as mortality, health, work or life styles and to control it better. To discuss how information technology has opened up the power and knowledge to information technology companies, the cases on the learning process and Business process reengineering and Enterprise Resource Process will be evaluated (Hammer and Champy (2001, p.39). Hammer and Champy (2001, p.89) state that learning process is a process of knowledge conversion, and it involves four modes. The assumption that knowledge is created through the relations between inferred and clear knowledge enables us to categorize the four modes: from tacit knowledge to tacit knowledge known as socialization, from tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge called externalization, from explicit knowledge to explicit knowledge known as combination and lastly from explicit knowledge to tacit knowledge also re ferred to as internalization. Socialization acts as a connection with the theories of group processes and culture of the organization. Combination entails processing of information while internalization is related to learning in organizations. Externalization is, however, neglected and has not closely been considered in many cases. Socialization is a process of experience sharing thus, creation of inferred knowledge such as mental modes, which are shared, and technical skills. Someone can acquire inferred knowledge from others directly without involvement of language. An outstanding example being that of apprentices who normally work beside their masters and learn craftsmanship, not by any mode of conversation but rather through observation, imitation, and practice. All that somebody requires to acquire is knowledge and experience (Hammer and Champy, 2001, p.103). According to Hammer and Champy (2001, p.103), experiences helps one by, projecting him into another individual’s thinking process and gain something. For example, Matsushita Electric industrial Company in Japan, a major problem in developing an automatic bread making machine in the late 1980s at the Osaka based Company concentrated on mechanizing the process of dough-kneading, which is essentially inferred knowledge processed by master bakers. Socialization also occurs between product developers and customers. Interactions of customers with product developers and after market introductions are, in, fact, a never ending process of sharing inferred knowledge and idea creation for improvement. Hammer and Champy (2001, p.100) argues that externalization such as from tacit to tacit to explicit is a process of articulating tacit knowledge into clear concepts. It is a typical knowledge creation process in that inferred knowledge becomes clear, taking the figures of metaphors, analogies, concepts, hypotheses, or models. By conceptualizing a figure, we express its essence mostly in language writing in an act of converting inferred knowledge into achievable knowledge. Words are often inadequate, insufficient and inconsistent. Such variations and breaks between figures and expressions, nevertheless, assist in promoting expression and interaction between individuals. Knowledge conversion of externalization mode is typically seen in the action of creation of concepts and is triggered by dialogue (Hammer and Cham

Models for Community and Individual Health Promotion Assignment

Models for Community and Individual Health Promotion - Assignment Example He as an individual might decide to help them, but such a behavior as smoking is a very addictive behavior which requires one to have the will of taking the necessary measures to quit smoking. This is a process that is not expected to be smooth running, but as long as the victim is willing then it will be easy to him or her stop the behavior (Edberg, 2010). One of the community models used to support health behavior is the Diffusion of Innovation Theory. It is easy for people to prevent themselves from getting sick by taking precautionary measures like washing your hands before eating or even after visiting the toilet. Some of the major diseases that really affect people and can easily kill; diseases like cancer, diabetes, cannot be easily screened, and one needs help from specialists and to then know how to cure it. For this reason, a community takes the initiative to educate its people more about this disease, their symptoms and where to get help from incase you are infected (Orleans, 2008). The Stage Change model helps one know that it is only you who has the full control of your life and that one is willing to leave a positive and healthy life. One can give you advise, and even avail the best clinics for you in order for you to for instance quit smoking but unless you are willing this is not possible (Gochman, 2011). This theory appreciates the spread of word and information in that, information can reach a lot of people and be helpful to the community. This is through schools, churches and such like places (Gochman,

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example Recommendations for the enhancement of the reports 3. Conclusion References Appendix Executive Summary The evaluation of the perspectives of modern organizations within the global market is quite difficult. The increasing financial turbulences and social conflicts worldwide have caused delays in the stabilization of firms; moreover concerns often appear in regard to the potentials of a firm to face its competitors and achieve a stable growth. The corporate reports are used as sources for evaluating the current status of organizations but also their potential performance in the future. Particular emphasis is given on the CSR reports, which indicate the efforts of firms for addressing their social and environmental responsibilities. These reports are likely to be used for the development of communication between organizations and their stakeholders. The review of the CSR reports of three organizations operating in different industries in UK proves the value of CSR reports for the impro vement of organizational performance. It is also proved that each organization is likely to use different approaches for addressing its social and environmental obligations, as resulting by the principles and standards set by the relevant international organizations. 1. Introduction The response of organizations to their social and environmental responsibilities has been traditionally considered as a criterion for evaluating the potentials of these organizations to meet the market’s requirements. In this context, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a vital part of organizational activities. The above fact is also highlighted in the literature published in the specific field. It should be noted, though, that theorists and researchers have used different approaches in order to explain the importance of CSR within modern organizations. In accordance with Habisch (2005) the corporate responsibility should be considered as ‘part of the political and social tradi tion’ (Habisch 2005, p.38). Moreover, Boeger et al. (2008) note that CSR reports should take into consideration the local culture and ethics. Also, Mullerat et al. (2010) notes that CSR is commonly used as ‘a tool for enhancing shareholder value’ (Mullerat 2010, p.130), a target that is characterized as of key importance for the success of organizational plans. On the other hand, Idowu et al. (2008) note that the development of credible evaluations regarding the CSR initiatives of modern organizations can be achieved only by using appropriate standards and principles, as set by relevant international organizations. From another point of view, Anderson (1989) supports that the quality and the credibility of CSR reports can be checked effectively through appropriate organizational schemes, for instance the development of a ‘social responsibilities audit’ (Anderson 1989, p.255). It should be also noted that firms are likely to set different priorities i n regard to their CSR plans, as indicated in the graphs presented in Figure 1 & Figure 2 (Appendix section). Current paper focuses on the review of the CSR reports of three firms operating in different industries within the British market: the Wates Group, a well – known construction firm, the BAM Group, a firm operating in the field of international contracting, as part of the Royal BAM Group, a European construction enterprise’ (BAM 2011, About us) and E.on, a key competitor in the power generation industry of UK. The CSR reports

Theories Of Why The Cold War Ended

Theories Of Why The Cold War Ended The Cold War was a term coined by George Orwell in 1945 that refers to the, Extended worldwide conflict between communism and capitalism that is normally taken to have begun in 1947. The end of the Cold War came about through two measures, the first being no friction remaining between the USSR and the USA and the second being the collapse of the Soviet Union. There are four main international relations theories that aim to shed light on the reasons for the Cold War coming to a halt. The first theory, put forth by liberal thinkers, examines the role of world leaders in ending the war. The second theory holds economic pressures on the USSR, due to competition with the USA, culpable for the end of the Cold War. The third theory illustrated by realists analyses the contribution of internal factors leading to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the final theory illustrates the peace through strength thesis  [3]  . I believe that all the theories are strongly linked with each other; h owever it was due to the decisions made by the world leaders that the Cold War ended. The theory that Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan played a central role in ending the Cold War has been put forth by Liberal theorists. President Reagan, through popular belief, is seen as the individual that accelerated the process which led to the end of the Cold War. Margaret Thatcher quoted in one of her speeches, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦for fighting and winning the Cold War it is Ronald Reagan deserves the most credit  [4]  . Reagan used an upfront and confrontational method in dealing with the, the evil empire  [5]  . Reagans aim was to win the arms race against the USSR in order to restore US supremacy in the global society. Furthermore Reagan increased the military to a scale that is unrivalled in U.S. history. In 1982 defence spending rose by 13% and then 8% in each successive year; Reagan also poured millions of dollars into the development of the nuclear stealth bomber trident submarine. Thirdly Reagan issued the Reagan Doctrine which stated that assistance would be sent to any anti-communist insurgents and governments. This build up of arms and effort to halt soviet influence in the third world was used to put pressure on the USSR. This pressure forced Gorbachev to address the Politburo on a change of strategy, regarding the United States, and also hold talks with Reagan in Geneva and Reykjavik. Gorbachev realised that the USSR could not keep up with the United States and therefore in order to maintain Soviet security, Gorbachev decided to desert the arms race and instead focus on reforming the Soviet economy. This Soviet policy was known as Perestroika  [6]  . Additionally Gorbachev recognized that soviet control over the empire in Eastern Europe was costing immense amounts of money each year (approx. $40 billion  [7]  ). Thus he put an end to the Brezhnev doctrine, which meant that countries could now leave the Warsaw Pact without any repercussions from the Soviet Union. Consequentially the Berlin Wall, a symbol of the USSRs power and inf luence, was torn down by unopposed protesters. Gorbachev intended to reform communism but he could not hide from the fact that the USSR simply could not compete with the USA on economic and military grounds. Thus when no hostility remained between the two super powers due to the reasons stated above, the Cold War came to an end. As a result of the actions on the part of Reagan and Gorbachev the Cold War came to an end. Economic issues areseen as a core factor in ending the Cold War. The Soviet Union entered the 1990s with the possibility of economic collapse around every corner. This fear of economic collapse paired with the steadily declining economy is posed as another theory as to why the Cold War ended. The burden imposed upon the Soviet Union due to hegemonic competition with the USA had escalated to a level at which the USSR could no longer compete. Reagans Strategic Defence Initiative caused the USA to take a lead in the arms race thus leaving Gorbachev and the USSR with limited options. As mentioned above, Gorbachev saw a great need to reform the Soviet economy. This was because the immense military spending, of the Soviet Union, was resting on the back of a broken economy. Secondly the United States was benefitting immensely from its imperialist expansion whereas the Soviet Union was making catastrophic losses with its expansion causing a economic deficit. As the USSR could not produce as many goods and therefore Soviet exports, to Eastern Europe, began to rapidly decline and the reliance on imports began to increase; this led to a trade deficit in the economy. Additionally all consumer products, such as clothes and shoes, produced within the Soviet Union were being sent to the army which forced consumers to rely on imports for their daily needs. Hence the pressures of the market economy continued mounting on the Soviet Union. Gorbachev realized that the race against the United States simply wasnt worth continuing and consequently chose to negotiate terms of a peace settlement with the USA. It is clear that there are several links present between the two theories discussed to this point; therefore it can be argued that the economic factors led world leaders to end the Cold War. Internal factors, especially public opinion, had a major contribution to the end of the Cold War. The internal factors that led to the collapse of the Soviet Union, and ultimately the end of the Cold War, were largely due to Gorbachevs actions. When Gorbachev came to power in March 1985  [8]  his first orders of business were accepting the realities of the atrocities against the public under Stalin and addressing the widespread corruption of several Soviet leaders. This acceptance of problems led to the alienation of the public and thus caused the government to lose legitimacy. Furthermore the disastrous war in Afghanistan, which was draining the soviet economy and causing social unrest, led the public to lose faith in their government. They felt as though the Soviet Union would not develop a strong economic foundation under Gorbachev and thus wouldnt be able to compete with the USA. Several historians believe that Gorbachev unleashed too many reforms at inappropriate timings whi ch opened a floodgate that ended in the collapse of the USSR. The most relevant reform in this context is glasnost  [9]  which gave Soviet citizens freedom of speech and expression. The Soviet public began openly criticizing the government, issues of economic backwardness, inefficiency and shortages were openly discussed. The message from the Soviet public was clear, they wanted change. Historian Dr. Crockett once said, Once given rein, the direction of the newly released force of public opinion could not necessarily be controlled  [10]  . This quote clearly illustrates the immense amounts of damage the glasnost policy had on the Soviet government. It can be said that once the Soviet government had lost the support of their public they could no longer afford to focus all their resources on external conflicts and were forced to reallocate their resources to solve internal conflicts. Ultimately the turn of public opinion in the Soviet Union caused it to crumble, thus leading t o the end of the Cold War. The peace through strength thesis is, a doctrine, issued by Ronald Reagan, that military strength and a system of alliances is primary or necessary for peace  [11]  . This theory is predominantly a realist one. In previous paragraphs the build up of the United States military has already been covered in great depth therefore this paragraph will focus on the role of the wests military alliances. Heading into the 1990s the west had built up a solid network of alliances. The USA attracted economically disadvantaged countries by offering them aid and arms in return for alliance. Furthermore the USA took a leading role in creating the North Atlantic Trade Organisation (NATO) whose primary purpose was collective defence in response to an external attack and in the case of the Cold War it also served to contain communism. The countries allied to the West, encircled the USSR in a cordon sanitaire which is defined as a quarantine line  [12]  . The system of alliances additionally serv ed to deter the Soviet Union from creating conflict. These systems of alliances have proven to be successful due to the fact that there has not been a World War since April 4, 1949  [13]  , when the treaty was signed. In 1989 George Bush said, Containment worked because our alliances were and are strong  [14]  . It can be argued that the wests persistent efforts to quarantine the spread of Communism paired with their massive alliance system, served to overwhelm the Soviet Union forcing them to accept peace rather than risk a third world war. One can argue that the economic backwardness, public opinion and the peace through strength thesis are the factors that led to end of the Cold war and ultimately the collapse of the Soviet Union. However I believe that these three theories are weak on their own and must therefore rely on the all encompassing theory of world leaders to find their foundation. It was Reagans confrontational methods that led Gorbachev to sign peace agreements with the United States and it was Gorbachevs reforms that led to the collapse of the Soviet Union. Thus on both fronts the Cold War ended largely due to the involvement of world leaders. I believe the liberal argument of world leaders ending the Cold War is the most convincing and is the locomotive that drives all the remaining theories.

Enterprise Architecture Essay -- essays research papers

BACKGROUND There is a strong need and business case for standardization of technologies and requirements used to design, build, and implement solutions for the 24 Presidential Priority E-Gov initiatives. Without standardization and the recommendation of technologies, agencies risk building and deploying solutions that use proprietary technologies, are not aligned to the Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) and isolate themselves from other initiatives and cross-agency business functions. To mitigate these risks, the FEAProgram Management Office (PMO) created a Component-Based Architecture that defines a set of recommendations that should be considered when selecting the tools, technologies, and industrystandards that will be used to build the 24 Presidential Priority E-Gov initiatives and subsequent business solutions. A multi-disciplinary and cross-functional working group of initiative representatives is necessary to assist with the coordination and implementation of the Component-Based Architecture. INTRODUCTION Under the direction of the FEA-PMO, the SAWG was created to help agencies and the 24 Presidential Priority E-Gov initiatives achieve success in areas of system architecture, technology selection, and the adoption of industry-driven standards (i.e., XML, Web Services, J2EE, .NET) that can be leveraged on a governmentwide scale. The SAWG will also support FEA efforts, and help integrate the 24 Presidential Priority E-Gov initiatives with e-authentication. The SAWG ...

Marketing plan for mercedes benz Essay

Dear Parents You must be informed about the laws that Current Legislation in UK produced in order to protect the children and young people. Current Legislation 1. Children Act (2004) identify five outcomes for children 1. Education Act (1993) Parents of children under 2 years have the right to ask for the child to be formally assessed 2. Sex Discrimination Act (1975) Ensure that individuals are not discriminated against on the grounds of their sex 3. Race Relation Act (1976) Equality of opportunity must be promoted 4. Public Health Act (1984) Covers the notification and exclusion periods for certain infectious diseases 5. Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulation (RIDDOR) (1995) Specify certain accidents and incidents that must be by law, reported 6. Equality Act 2010 Aims to ensure that rights of disabled individuals are met 7. Special Educational Need and Disability Act (2004) Protects children from discrimination on the basis of disability , and settings must make reasonable adjustments to their provision to meet the need and right of the child 8. Code of Practice for First Aid (1997) Gives guidance on the provision of trained first aiders and first aid provision 9. Protection of the Children Act (1998) Requires a list to be kept of people considered to be unsuitable to work with children 10. Care of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations (2002) Deal with the identification, storage and use of potentially harmful substances, such as cleaning fluids 11. Childcare Act (2006) the law that sets out: Duties on local authorities to improve outcomes for children and to ensure access to information about provision in their area Legal frameworks for regulation and inspection of provision for children from birth to age 17 The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS): this is the framework for the delivery of quality integrated care and education for children from birth to the 31 August following their fifth birthday. The EYFS includes requirements for the provision of young children’s welfare, learning and development that all providers must meet, as well as good practice guidance. Dear Parents You must be informed about the role of Regulatory Bodies that made all the inspection, investigation and enforcements to my premises in order to improve the overall well-being of the children. OFSTED Ofsted is the Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills. They report directly to Parliament and they are independent and impartial. Ofsted is responsible for the inspection of a range of educations and children’s services, and for the inspection and regulation of registered Early Years and Childcare provision.  The aim of all this work is to promote improvement and value for money in the services they inspect and regulate, so that children and young people, parents and carriers benefits.  The registration process with Ofsted looks at my ability and suitability if I deliver the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS). This is the framework for the delivery of quality integrated care and education for children from birth to the 31 August following their fifth birthday. The EYFS includes requirements for the provision of young children’s welfare, learning and development that all providers must meet, as well as good practice guidance. An Ofsted inspector will make regular visits to my premises and discuss about how I will meet the welfare requirements: The Inspection report produced by Ofsted will covers the followings: If, I and every other person looking after children on my premises, are suitable to care for children Every person living or working on my premises is suitable to be in regular contact with children My premises is suitable for looking after children If, I meet or will meet all the welfare, learning and development requirements of Early Years Foundation Stage and all the regulations and any conditions of registration imposed by. After an inspection, Ofsted publishes a report on Childminder home based environment website. In addition to written comments on a number of areas, schools and childminder premises are assessed on each area and overall on a 4-point scale: 1 (Outstanding), 2 (Good), 3 (Satisfactory) 4 (Inadequate). Ofsted Register Early Years Childminders to: Protect the children Ensure that they meet the requirements of Early Years Register Ensure that they provide good outcomes for children that keep children healthy, safe, ensure that they enjoy what they do and achieve well, make a positive contribution and develop skills for the future Promote high quality in the provision of care and learning and development Provide reassurance to parents Failure to complying with this welfare requirements would attract complains or concerns from parents or other people side. The law gives to Ofsted as regulatory body a range of powers to regulate children’s social care services, which set out the action that can take in order to enforce compliance with the law. They consider the particular circumstances of each case before deciding what action they need to take. However, it is very important for me not to lose sight of the overriding principle of ensuring the welfare of children and young people.

Influence of Boron on the Hot Ductility of TWIP steels The WritePass Journal

Influence of Boron on the Hot Ductility of TWIP steels 1.0 Introduction Influence of Boron on the Hot Ductility of TWIP steels 1.0 Introduction2.0 Literature Review3.0 Aim Method of Contribution3.1 Gannt Chart Project4.0 ReferencesRelated 1.0 Introduction The demand for crude steel has increased worldwide according to World Steel Association the steel production in 2010 was 1414 million tones.   This shows an increase 15% when compared to the total in 2009 where production was 1229 tonnes. What is interesting is that China accounted for 44% of this total, if China was excluded the annual total increased by 20% when we compare this to 2009.   The steel production in December for 66 countries increased by 7.8% to 116 million tonnes [1]. To meet these production demands, casting is engaged as the chosen fabrication process as it is more economically viable for high production rates than forming operations.   In particular, the technique of continuous casting is favored as a primary hot-rolling operation that produces slabs or thin sheets of steel.   These are a convenient entity that can then undergo secondary metal-forming operations. The conventional way to improve the strength and impact behavior of steel is to add small amounts of micro-alloying elements such as Al or in our case B to benefit grain.  Ã‚   Micro-alloying additions enable tensile strengths of over 500 MPa to be achieved [2] as the micro-alloys formed fine precipitates that would attach the austenite grain boundaries from moving as well as to provide strengthening via precipitation hardening.   It is important to note that these beneficial mechanical properties engineered into steels are only applicable to the finished product, where the steel is employed at room temperature as automobiles.   This point is applicable before the finished steel is even utilized, as at the high temperatures of the continuous casting operation, the steel has undesirable properties. Over the past forty years, the difficulty in casting some steels has led to great efforts in understanding the science behind the cracking processes.   The continuous casting process can to some degree be simulated using a simple laboratory hot tensile test.   Investigating the hot ductility of the steel under these laboratory conditions does give great insight into the viability of producing continuous cast steel free from transverse cracking.   It has been quantified that after straining a steel sample to failure, a ductility displayed as a reduction of area (R of A) value of greater than 40 % will allow for successful casting in industry [3].   These findings are further enforced with visual probing techniques such as microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).   These allow insights into the influence of grain size, precipitation hardening, cooling rates, strain rate and composition on crack propagation which are all import ant in explaining failure modes and preventing failure.   New steel types need to be tested under laboratory conditions before steel companies have the confidence for mass production in industry. 2.0 Literature Review 3.0 Aim Method of Contribution The major problem with TWIP steels is the difficult in casting it; this is because during the continuous casting operation, the cast has to be straightened as it is being cast in a curved mould.   The straightening process puts the surface and the edges of the slabs into tension and this causes cracks and this can be propagated easily into fragile steel grades this is what TWIP falls into. The aim of the project is to do a hot ductility test in which a tensile specimen is melted and then cooled to the straightening temperature which ranges from 1000-700 °C as used in the commercial casting operation.   Following this the specimen is strained to failure by using the strain rate used in the unbending operation as this is a good indicator of a steels likely hood to crack. There have been indications that that by adding a small amount of boron in our case (0.001%) that this will improve the hot ductility of the new TWIP steels and this would make them easier to cast [3] As mentioned the experiment involves the ductility test in which a tensile specimen is melted and then cooled to the straightening temperature which ranges from 1000-700 °C from this we will get a hot ductility curve.   Following this I will perform microscopically and scanning electron microscope examination of the fractured surfaces to find out the mechanism of this improvement. I have 12 specimens which have been provided by POSCO. The machine used for the tensile test is the Hounsfield Tensometer which is situated at City University. 3.1 Gannt Chart Project 4.0 References [1] ISSB: World Steel Review (Iron Steel Bureau, February 2011) [2] Abu Shousha, R., I: Hot Ductility of Steels (PhD thesis, City University) [3] – Discussions with   Prof B.Mintz

Overview of Mormonism

Overview of Mormonism Free Online Research Papers Mormonism, what is this religion, and what does it mean? There are so many misconceptions of this religion on what they believe in. Mormons believe in, hope in, and rejoice in Jesus Christ. They testify of Jesus Christ as well, to be the savior of the world. There are 16 members in the Congress that practice Mormonism.(Matt, 2008) In this paper, knowledge will be given to understand meaning and foundation behind Mormonism, the beliefs of this religion, what texts it follows and what it means to be Mormon. All religions differ in the world, by one thing or another so in hopes to clarify some things, this paper will bring light to such a misunderstood religion. Mormonism, or also known as the Church of the Latter-Day Saints, is a religion that came in 1830. Mormonism was founded by Joseph Smith, in the 19th century in Western New York. (Matt, 2008) Joseph Smith was the first prophet and president of the Mormon Curch. When Joseph Smith was murdered in 1844 (Religion and Ethics- Mormonism), a man named Brigham Young, migrated with the following Mormons to Salt Lake City, Utah in 1847, for they feared for their lives. Today, the prophet and president of the Church is Thomas S. Manson residing in Salt Lake City, Utah. Salt Lake City, Utah is the home of the Mormon Church headquarters. Mormons are Christians. Mormons are people that believe in God just like Christians; just with different views like many people do on God. What do Mormons believe? What do they expect from others? Many questions are asked throughout the whole history of Mormonism. Mormons believe that God has a plan for us, before we were born, during our living years, and after we die, in which the beliefs are put into the Articles of Faith. This is a guide to Mormon beliefs. The following hopefully answers some questions that people might have. Mormons are believers of God, the almighty and wise. God was the creator of all, and loves everyone. Mormonism beliefs are similar to that of other religions, but with some differences. Though Mormons believe that God will bring us happiness in this life and eternal life, they also believe that the fullness of the Gospel of Jesus Christ is only found in the Church of Ladder-Day Saints. Mormons believe that human beings can become like gods, though they would remain loyal to God himself. Mormons also believe that their church restores Christianity to the way it should have been at the time of the Apostles. How about that Mormons believe in living prophets, like Abraham and Moses. Mormons also believe that humans lived with God before humans were born. Mormons do not believe in the Trinity. They believe that â€Å"Godhead† is made up of three distinct beings who are in â€Å"one purpose† not one being. The â€Å"Spirit† has a special mission to guide and teach as well as to comfort human souls. For the other beliefs that Mormons have, they are that we are able to have salvation when we die, and that we will be resurrected after we die. Christians follow the Bible and Muslims follow the Qua’ran, so do Mormons follow any of these texts of religion? In a way yes, Mormons believe that the Bible is the â€Å"word of God† (if correctly translated), but that it has many mistakes within it. They follow the Bible, if it is the authorized version of King James. Another text that Mormons use is that of their own. The Book of Mormon, to teach and study, in some ways the Mormons bible. The Book of Mormon tells the story of God’s dealings of American Continent. The Book of Mormon was first established by Mormon himself. He was a prophet, who put the words on plates of gold. When he passed, his son, Moroni buried the plates for safekeeping. In 1823, Moroni came to Joseph Smith and told him where he could find the plates. Joseph Smith later put them on paper, which became the Book of Mormon. (Bushman, 1984) Mormons came to believe that Book of Mormon is the unaltered word of God, and for that, is why they foll ow this book. How is family important to an individual? For the Mormon Church members, family is everything. The Mormon people believe that the family unit is the one of the most important things we, as humans, can do on this earth. Family starts with the foundation of husband and wife, for Mormons only support the marriage of man and woman. They are married in the Mormon temple, as long as they are worthy. The Mormon family believes in raising a family in certain ways, which they look to the â€Å"The Family: Proclamation to the World† for guidance. Both the man and woman are present all throughout the child’s life in Mormon homes. Though it is encouraged that the woman stay home and raise the children, if financially she is unable the man could stay home instead. For if this was the case, husband and wife of the Mormon family would pray to God for guidance. If it works best for them, financially and emotionally than it is accepted. For noone can take personal possessions to heaven, such as money or jobs but it is believed that in God’s plans family can be together forever. (mormonbeliefs.) Another belief that Mormons share with one another is the purpose of having Mormon Temples. These temples are places of sanctuary from evil influences, place for reflection and inspiration and many more reason. One, who is not Mormon, cannot enter a temple once the temple has been dedicated, but before that a person is allowed to take a tour of these temples. When on tour of these temples, they can see the baptistery, the endowment room, celestial room, and the sealing room. The sealing room is where marriages take place, but if anyone ever gets invited to a Mormon wedding make sure you are Mormon and worthy, for if not they are not allowed to tend a wedding in the temple. Temples are for the highest sacraments of the Mormon religion, and to maintain that one has to keep the commandments and repent when they do fall short. One has to also obtain a temple recommend from one’s bishop in order to enter the temple. Once a Member of the Church enters the temple, they must change out of their street clothes into all white temple garments. Mormons have practices and holidays just like everyone else. Like for, example Mormons are prohibited to drinking alcohol, tea or coffee. They are not allowed to smoke or do any illegal drugs. The exclusion of all this is part of their health code called Word of Wisdom. Mormons have special under garments called temple garments, which both man and woman wear if they took part in a washing and anointing ceremony in the Mormon temple â€Å"endowment†. Some holidays that Mormons have are Pioneer Day, for this holiday symbolizes the first entry of Mormons into Salt Lake City. Mormons celebrate all other holidays, but Christmas and Easter are the two main holidays that are celebrated for these holidays are the days of birth and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Two other special days to Mormons are that of April six, the anniversary of the founding LDS church in New York City (1830), and May 15, the day that John the Baptist came to see Joseph Smith. (religionfacts.) Remember that knock at the door, with that unfamiliar face standing on the other side holding a book, which looks like the Bible? Did that person ask for a minute of your time, for he or she wanted to discuss God, Jesus Christ? Well, most likely that person was a missionary from the Mormon Church. These missionaries believe that to â€Å"teaching all nations† comes spreading the Gospel from door to door or from countries to countries. Missionary work is the cornerstone of the Mormon Church, for it brings a great deal of members to this religion. Missionary work is done throughout the world, with one thing on the missionaries mind, and that is to basically teach faith, repentance, and baptism for the remission of sins. Missionaries also teach the Godhead, plan of salvation, importance of prophets, and the importance of Joseph Smith. Missionaries give up work and family to go on missions, for missionaries believe that this is their calling. A recent interview with a church member of a local Church of Jesus Christ, another name for a Mormon Church (information disclosed on names and locations, as a request from them), led me to be more confused than I was before starting this paper. With 10 questions to ask, some not answered, with a member of the Church. As I started my interview, the man, we will call Joe, assured me that he would answer the best that he could but there were things that he could not go in-depth with. I started out my interview with a simple question of, can anyone be Mormon? His response was â€Å"yes, as long as they repent and abide by the commandments of the church.† Alright, I said, well in two bible scriptures (Amla 18:26-28 and John 4:24) it says that God is a spirit, yet the Mormon Church believes that God is an exalted man with a body flesh and bones. Why is that? He tells me that â€Å"it is meant that God has a spirit†. On and on I questions with many of them having simple a nswers, than I asked why Mormons believe in baptizing the dead. â€Å"They believe that after death people go to a â€Å"spirit world† to wait to be judged. There they learn if they did not have the chance to learn the Mormon way on earth† Why does Mormon Church teach that we can be married in heaven when Jesus said in Matthew 22:0 that in the resurrection men neither marry, nor are they given in marriage? Joe’s response was â€Å"That is referring to an earthly marriage, not a marriage with the priesthood authority†. I read in some of my material that Jesus died not just on the cross for us, but in a garden called Gethsemane, â€Å"He paid both in the garden and on the cross† but that was all Joe told me, Joe would not tell me why he believed it. My last question to Joe was about polygamy. Knowing that many people think of polygamists as Mormons, what is the actual stand on this through the religion? â€Å"Though we don’t condone it or accept it, we do not condemn them for it. We currently do not practice polygamy, and do not associate ourselves with those who do as the same Mormon religion as them. They are â€Å"splinter† of the actual Mormon religion.† So, what does Mormon have in common with Christianity? Well, first off the Mormon religion is Christianity. Mormonism is the 4th largest Christian denomination in America with about six million members in the United States alone. Christians believe that the church is a place of various believers and a group of believers where Mormons believe that their church is the only true church. Christians follow the Holy Bible as the only religious text where Mormons follow the Bible (in a way) along with the Book of Mormon. Both Christianity and Mormonism believe in the resurrection and recognize Christmas and Easter. There are over 13 million Mormons in 176 countries, and although Mormonism is a religion of different beliefs than other religions, it still is a religion. Anyone can become a Mormon, as long as they follow the certain beliefs, texts, and ways of Mormon living. Mormonism may be different from other religions but what actual religion is not different. As humans we all have different views on religions and how we should live. To judge a person is not our responsibility for God is the only true judge. 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Opinion of natural disasters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Opinion of natural disasters - Essay Example For instance, in Pakistan the flooding disaster was accelerated by human factors including insufficient flood control infrastructure on heavily modified river and the increasing population along its surroundings. A recent research has proven that human activities such as mining, industrialization have led to the global warming. Global warming has resulted breaking of iceberg hence rising of the ocean water levels. Due to the scarcity of resources in areas negatively affected by climate, the social gap widens, causing political unrest that heightens the tension among the rich and the poor. A political conflict may come later, which may be difficult to reverse as vulnerable societies tries to grab vicinities not affected by calamities (Dahlman, Renwick and William 122). Human vulnerability has recently resulted to dangerous calamities. As the population grows, human activities increase likewise resulting to a conflict between natural dangerous earth processes (Dahlman, Renwick and William 192). Catastrophes like wildfire, earthquakes and floods are all dangerous events that can affect vulnerable populations. Haiti’s high population and a history of deforestation greatly contributed to the mudslides that claimed thousands of lives. However, humans can minimize the social, environmental and economic impact on natural disasters by preparing and alerting citizens before major catastrophes, to respond quickly and efficiently to lessen the damage and disruption during and after the calamity and speed up the recovery process (Dahlman, Renwick and William

Career Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Career Development - Assignment Example l companies  choose  to search for candidates via their own  private  system  where each candidate  has been recognized  by a known source, and this can result to a high â€Å"hit rate† of productive hires for the procedure. The â€Å"push†Ã‚  factor  involves reaching out to the  possible  employers and  likely  co-workers. This should be done on a social basis as a student, colleague or a  mentor  and not as a job seeker. Through this, I am able to push through the job opportunity. Despite the reason, I must  recognize  the above reality, and the best method to handle the  unseen  job market is to reach out for it. To accomplish this, I must be able to  seek  out for  job  chances that might be present or will be  present, and those that do exist (Joyce, 2008). I  believe  that where there is smoke, there is  fire.  Therefore, as I look at  job  chances in  specific  companies, there is the probability that more opportunities  are not listed.  If at all they are hiring, then that indicates that there are other opportunities either available for  hire, or are soon-to-be approved (Joyce, 2008). I should not  submit  applications for incompatible jobs to try and  get  others. However, use the contact order to  commence  the networking into the company. In the course of my own  association, I  observe  who I can get in touch with to inquire about other chances that may be coming up at the company. It is  crucial  that I connect with friends and neighbors.  Because I  am unemployed  at the moment, I  keep  the  pride  away  and connect with friends and neighbors. Through this, I am able to  ask  everyone if they know â€Å"who is hiring?† This is another method to  begin  the exploratory  procedure  I must  utilize  to  dive  into the jobs that  are hidden. It is  significant  to  see  into the future. Appeal for informational or  casual  interview  is a  means  for  being considered  for  potential  opportunities. Various hiring directors love to  maintain  their

International Media Communication Research Paper

International Media Communication - Research Paper Example With the free flow of information in the international arena, where the participants in the other countries now possess better accessibility to the facts and issues faced by the neighboring countries, the international media communication channels such as the news media are often criticized of being influenced by the socio-cultural and political biases or else raising the risk of ‘false consciousness’ and even ‘racial stereotyping’ (Barnhurst, 2005; Media Monitoring Project, 1999). Based on these aspects, the discussion henceforth will intend to illustrate and critically review two news stories presented from distinct ideologies by two international media channels, the Fox News of the United States and The Guardian of the United Kingdom. The stories have been selected based on the same issue, the recent support of President Mr. Barack Obama of same-sex marriages in the United States. Background of the Story: President Obama’s Support of Same-Sex Marri age Same-sex marriages have long been under critical scrutiny by social and political institutions in the United States. Even though six states of the geopolitical region of the United States, including Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and New York, have legally permitted the performance of same-sex marriages, the federal law yet restricts the act to be accredited openly in the American society. Apparently, the depiction of agreeability or vice-versa of the legal approval for same-sex marriages has emerged to be a base for distinction between social groups. In the social context of America, the polarization based on same-sex marriage accreditations has been apparent since the implementation of the policy measure â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell† by the former President Mr. Bill Clinton in the year 1992. This policy measure placed emphasis on restricting the open depiction of homosexual behavior, especially within the military base (Singer, 2008). This polar ization in the American society has become more perceptible with the statement in favor of homosexual marriages made by the President Obama to the ABC News. In his words, â€Å"...I’ve just concluded that for me personally it is important for me to go ahead and affirm that I think same-sex couples should be able to get married† (Klein, 2012). This particular appraisal by the current President of the United States attracted a mass attention not only in the national context but also from the international horizon, making an obvious presence in the international media channels. Recently, after being aired in the news media, the support of Mr. Barack Obama came reverberating in the Fox News as well as in The Guardian, the former being a renowned tabloid in the United States and the latter in the United Kingdom. However, in both the narratives a distinct ideology can be examined in the course of illustrating the statements connoted by the American President. Where the narra tion or the story portrayed by the Fox News can be identified as highly

Materialistic Americans Essay Example for Free

Materialistic Americans Essay â€Å"With these words I can sell you anything† by William Lutz and â€Å"At sale at Old Navy: Cool Clothes for Identical Zombies! † by Damien Cave the readings explain how Americans are fooled into purchasing so many unnecessary things that most of the time don’t do what they promise when advertised as well as how the buyers themselves are blinded and don’t realized that they are wasting money, all because of the value of their pride and their need to be better than everyone else yet they are doing the same things as millions of other Americans. Although it seems correct that most people should be materialistic, it’s not a good thing because this form of living is damaging American’s values in many ways and advertisements are just making it worst. In Cave’s excerpt he explains how most Americans have become so materialistic now and that it’s becoming a big issue. In one part Cave says, â€Å"Consumers are being scammed, says Klein, arguing that stores like Old Nave and Ikea are duping millions, inspiring mass conformity while pretending to deliver high culture to the masses† (109). This explains how Americans are so gullible when it comes to buying products because most of the time they don’t really look into what they are buying they just want to own what everyone else has because that makes them â€Å"fit† it into this materialistic society because it’s all about hierarchy and who’s on top of everyone else. â€Å"Klein and Frank say that few consumers recognize just how conformist their consumption habits have become† (Cave 109). Some people do realize that they do over spend but they still don’t do anything about it because they always want more. There are many adults that think that buying so many things for themselves and their families is good because people always want to have the best things that are out there for their loved ones without realizing that they’re just giving money away to things they don’t really need. â€Å"At virtually every opening of Old Navy’s and Ikea’s stores-in the New York, Chicago, and San Francisco areas, for example- tens of thousand of people appeared in the first few days. Even now, long after the stores first opened, lines remain long† (Cave 110). Americans value so much their pride to be over achievers and be better than everyone else they come across but yet they aren’t much different from other people because they spend as much as every other person who might not have that much money because everyone’s values are similar. In Lutz’s excerpt he explains how Advertisements usually don’t promise what they offer and take people for fools but yet people keep buying more. He states, The biggest weasel word used in advertising doublespeak is ‘help’† (114). He explains how people are manipulated into buying products all the time that will help them with a desire objective and they are influenced by the advertisements. The things that people wear, drink, eat, etc are all influenced by something or someone, how else did they ever hear or see about those products. Advertisements are everywhere, people that see all these advertisements of products think those products apply to them because they know everyone else that will see them will want them too and they don’t to feel left out in not being part of the revolution of that product. Lutz also says, â€Å"Whenever advertisers want you to stop thinking about the product and to start thinking about something bigger, better, or more attractive than the product, they use that very popular weasel word, ‘like’† (119). American’s values are on risk when it comes to advertisements because people want their families to be well and grow a certain way, but that can’t happen when their television and billboards selling things that are out of the comfort of some people. Only by becoming an active, critical consumer of the double speak of advertising will you ver be able to cut through the doublespeak and discover what the ad is really saying† (Lutz 120). Americans value so much their pride and the liberty to do whatever they want that they think buying so much stuff applies to them. Americans also value their Independence in this country but it’s also being ruined by advertisements because how can people be independent when they are buying the same things as everyone else and are being exploited all at the same time? If people keep getting sucked into buying every little thing they see hey will doing the opposite of what they believe in, they will just be shaming who they are as Americans. Americans need to realize that buying everything that is advertised isn’t doing them any good. they will lose so much money on things they don’t really need and all for what? to be better than everyone else? People have forgotten about being independent and doing their own thing when it comes to having a different lifestyle from others. How can they take pride in themselves when they are just alike to everyone else and that’s what the readings explain, to not be gullible when it comes to this topic

Odors In Wastewater Treatment Plant Environmental Sciences Essay

Odors In Wastewater Treatment Plant Environmental Sciences Essay An upland reservoir in an area of a sheep farming area which is known to be soft and to have unacceptable taste and color with a pH of 5.5. A network of pumped wells delivering anaerobic groundwater from chalk aquifer. The possibility exists that there may be pathogenic organisms in the supply, together with the significant quantities of iron and manganese. Compare and contrast the possible water treatment strategies which may be required for the two sources. You should identify other quality test which you would recommend as essential before undertaking a detailed design of either option. Before recommending an essential water treatment strategy, we should know about the reservoir management. Water storage before use results in:- Reduction in Suspended Solids (SS) and color due to natural sedimentation. Reduction in pathogens due to self-purification. Minimize the fluctuation in the water quality thus enhance the treatment. Water storage also may lead to:- Algae growth which in turn will lead to increase in turbidity, smell, pH and even color. Increase in Iron and Manganese content present in soil. Thermal stratification causing variation in water chemistry and characteristics with little intermixing behind the reservoir. Color, Taste and Odor:- Hues in water is due to natural materials like iron and manganese; vegetable origins, humus materials, insoluble particles of soil, organic and microorganism. The true color of water is considered to be only that attributable to substance in solution after removal of suspended materials by centrifuging or filtration. Taste can be affected by inorganic salts or metal ions, a variety of organic chemicals found in nature or products of biological growths. Algae are the most frequent cause of taste and odor problems. According to Metcalf Eddy, Inc., the main sources of these are from (1) Septic wastewater containing hydrogen sulfide and odorous compounds, (2) Industrial wastes being discharged into the collection system, (3) Seepage handling facilities, (4) Screenings and unwanted grit, (5) Scum on primary settling tanks, (6) [Bio solids]-thickening tanks, (7) [Bio solids]-conditioning and dewatering faculties, (8) [Bio solids] incineration, (9) Digested [bio solids] in drying beds or [bio solids]-holding basins, (10) [Bio solids]-composting operations. pH:- pH is used to express the intensity of an acid or alkaline solution. A pH of 7 is neutral, if pH less than 7 its acidic, and pH greater than 7 is alkaline. Acidity is the measure of carbon dioxide and other solution. Strong inorganic acid acidity exists below pH 4.5; carbon dioxide acidity (carbonic acid) is between pH 4.5 to 8.3.Water should be close to pH 7 as possible. Possible Solutions:- A detailed raw water quality analysis (physical, chemical, biological characteristics) of the water should be done to establish a suitable strategy for treatment. Due to thermal stratification in different seasons, height of draw off point may need to be seasonally adjusted. Before treatment, the effectiveness of chemical coagulation of waste should be experimentally evaluated in the laboratory by using Jar Test. To reduce color, chemical coagulation and granular-media filtration is required. Odors in Wastewater Treatment Plant Odor Location Problem Possible Solution Earthy, musty Primary and secondary units No problem (normal) None required Trickling filters Septic conditions More air/less BOD Secondary clarifiers Septic conditions Remove sludge Chlorine contact Septic conditions Remove sludge General plant Septic conditions Good housekeeping Chlorine like Chlorine contact tank Improper chlorine dosage Adjust chlorine dosage controls Industrial odors Inadequate pretreatment General plant Enforce sewer use regulation Source:Spellman, F.R.,The Science of Water, Technomic Publ.,1998. Taste and odor can be enhanced by: Aeration:-Since the odor compound are often dissolved gases that can be stripped from the solution. Carbon adsorption:-Its the most effective way; Activated carbon can be introduced in any stage of processing before filtration where adequate mixing is available to disperse the carbon and where the contact time is 15 min or more before sedimentation or filtration. Oxidation:-It can be done by chlorination, chlorine dioxide, potassium permanganate, or ozone. For water less than pH 6, feed pumps inject a neutralizing solution of sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide at the inlet. The dosage to be provided can be found out using Jar Test. In The Use of Soda Ash and Caustic Soda to Alter pH (Glenda M. Herman, 2013) it is stated that for water between pH 4 and pH 6, use soda ash mixed with water. Feed this solution in the source at a rate to raise the pH to 7 farthest from the source. Anyhow the basic system for treatment might be: Pretreatment Any process to modify the microbial water quality before the entry to a treatment plant; Coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation Process by which small particles interact to form larger particles and finally settle out by gravity; Ion exchange Process used for removal of calcium, magnesium some radionuclides; Granular filtration Process in which water passes through a bed of granular materials after coagulation; Slow sand filtration Process in which water is passed slowly through a sand filter by gravity, without the use of coagulation. Answer (b):- The biological organisms in the water or wastewater are called the pathogens. They are organisms, capable of transmitting diseases in humans. These waterborne pathogens include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasitic worms. Attributes of the Three Waterborne Pathogens in Water Treatment Organism Size(m) Mobility Points of Origin Resistance to Disinfection Bacteria 0.1-10 Motile; nonmotile Humans and animals; water; contaminated food Type specific-bacterial spores typically have the highest resistance whereas vegetative bacteria have the lowest resistance Viruses 0.0-0.01 Nonmotile Humans and animals; polluted water; contaminated food Generally more resistant than vegetative bacteria Protozoa 1-28 Motile; nonmotile Humans and animals; sewage; decaying vegetation; water More resistant than viruses or vegetative bacteria Source:Spellman, F.R.,The Science of Water, Technomic Publ., 1998. There are various processes for removal of microbes from water. In particular, it discusses: Pretreatment oxidation -Process in which oxidants are added to water in the treatment process. This helps in: Maximize the contact time with the oxidant; Oxidize the compounds for subsequent removal by treatment process(e.g. iron or manganese); Provide initial treatment in sufficient time for water to be further treated if necessary (e.g. oxidation of taste and odor compounds); Control growth of microorganisms and higher organisms on intake structures and treatment basins; Improve the particle removal in clarification and filtration processes. Primary disinfection Process is a component of primary treatment of water and important because filter media do not remove all pathogens from water. Different types of disinfectant are Chlorine Mono chlorine, Chlorine dioxide, Ozone, UV light Mixed oxidants Secondary disinfection This process is used to maintain the water quality which we got at the treatment plant throughout the distribution system. Iron and Manganese Removal These are found in groundwater, industrial waste, and as by-products of pipeline corrosion.. They dont cause health related problems, but are not good because they cause aesthetic problems. Aesthetic problems associated with iron and manganese is: 1. Staining of plumbing fixtures 2. Discoloration of water (iron red water, manganese black or brown water) 3. Stimulates the growth of microorganisms. 4. Impart a bitter taste to the water Some of the economic problems caused are damage to textiles, dye, paper, and food. It may clog pipes and corrode through them. Iron residue in pipes decreases carrying capacity increases pumping head. Iron and Manganese Removal Techniques Precipitation: Precipitation (or pH adjustment) of these from water in their solid forms can be done in treatment plants by adding lime adjusting the pH of the water. Some of the precipitate will settle down by time, while the rest is easily removed by sand filters. This process requires pH level of the water to between of 10 to 11. Oxidation: It is the common methods of removing these, usually followed by settling and filtration. Air, chlorine, or potassium permanganate can be used for oxidizing. Ion Exchange: The ion exchange process is mostly used to soften hard water, it will remove all soluble iron and manganese. The water is passed through a bed of resin which adsorbs the undesirable ions, replacing them with less troublesome ions. Sequestering: Sequestering or stabilization can be used when the water contains low concentration of iron, when the volumes needed are comparatively small. This process does not remove the manganese and iron from the water, but binds it chemically with other ions in soluble form that will not li come out of solution Aeration: The physical process uses air to oxidize the manganese and iron. The water is pumped up to the air or allowed to fall directly over an aeration device. The air oxidizes and this is then removed by use of a filter. The lime is often added to raise the pH. Q2. Secondary wastewater treatment may involve biological treatment using either fixed film or free-film systems. Discuss, using diagrams where appropriate, which type of system might be more appropriate for treating the wastewater from a small market town with a population of 20,000. The town is situated alongside a sensitive lowland river from which a major water supply is abstracted further downstream. Your answer should explain, among others: the advantages and disadvantages of fixed-film and fixed film systems for secondary biological treatment; the typical effluent characteristics of each type of treatment system when operating in a standard, conventional mode; the specific needs of sensitive rivers with regards to nutrients loading, especially nitrogen and phosphorous compounds; the implications of discharging high nutrients into receiving streams being used as water supply sources; the implications of discharging high nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus compounds to receiving rivers from a water quality management viewpoint; the details of any proposed modifications to the conventional systems which you would consider might be adopted in these circumstances to reduce (manage) the nutrients and the cost implications for these. Answer:- The purpose of secondary treatment (biological treatment) is to provide removal of BOD beyond what is achieved by primary treatment. Secondary treatment process (biological treatment process) can be separated into two categories: fixed film systems and free film system (suspended growth systems). Fixed film systems: These are processes that use a biomass or slime (biological growth) which is attached to some form of film or media. Wastewater is allowed to passes over or around the film and the slime. When the slime and wastewater are in contact, the organisms oxidize the organic solids. The film may be stone, synthetic materials or any substance that is durable, should provide a huge area for slime growth an open space for ventilation. Fixed film system includes trickling filters, bio towers and RBCs. Suspended growth systems: These are processes that use a biomass (biological growth) that is mixed with the sewage. They can be used in smaller space than trickling filter that treats the same amount of water. A typical free film system includes the activated sludge process. There are a variety of these secondary treatment, we will discuss about the following conventional processes used: Trickling Filter. Activated Sludge. TRICKLING FILTERS: In most wastewater treatment, the trickling filter is used after the primary treatment. This process is a fixed film method designed to remove suspended solids and BOD. It consists of a rotating distribution arm that sprays the influent over a circular bed of rocks, synthetic media, or other coarse materials. The spaces between the film helps to circulate air easily so that aerobic conditions is maintained. The space allows waste to trickle down through and over the media. Organic matter in the water diffuses into the media, where it is metabolized. Periodically, a portion of the film sloughs off the media material and is collected at bottom of filter. This is passes on to the secondary settling tank along with the treated wastewater, where it is removed. The overall performance of filter is depended on hydraulic and organic loading, recirculation and temperature. Appropriate for small to medium sized communities (15000 to 20000) peoples. http://www.sswm.info/sites/default/files/toolbox/TILLEY%202008%20Trickling%20Filter.jpg TRICKLING FILTERS SOURCE: http://www.sswm.info/category/implementation-tools/wastewater-treatment/hardware/semi-centralised-wastewater-treatments/t Advantages/Disadvantages Advantages Good Quality(80-90% BOD removal) for 2nd stage efficiency could reach 95% Moderate operating cost(less than activated sludge) Withstands shock loads than other processes Simple and reliable process and can be used were large area not available. Very efficient in removal of ammonia Disadvantages High capital costs Clogging of distributors or beds. Snail, mosquito and insect problems. Generate sludge that must be treated Regular operators attention is needed. Relatively high incidence of clogging. Additional treatment may be needed for the effluent to meet strict discharge standards. ACTIVATED SLUDGE: In this process influent and activated sludge is aerated and agitated. The activated sludge is finally separated from the treated mixed liquor by process called sedimentation and is returned to the reactor as needed. The treated waste flows over the weir of the settling tank in which it is separated from the sludge. Wastewater is fed into an aerated tank, where the microorganisms (activated sludge) metabolize and flocculate the organics. These are settled from the aerated mixed liquor in the final clarifier and are returned to the aeration tank. A portion of the concentrated solids are removed from the bottom of the settling tank from the process. Clear supernatant fluid from the final settling tank is the plant effluent. This process is effective to treat large volumes of flow (10000 to 1000000) people. http://techalive.mtu.edu/meec/module21/images/WastewaterAeration.jpg ACTIVATED SLUDGE SOURCE: http://techalive.mtu.edu/meec/module21/WhattoRemove-WW.htm Advantages/Disadvantages Advantages Flexible, can adapt pH, organic and temperature changes. Small area required. Degree of nitrification is controllable. Relatively minor odor problems. Low construction cost. Removes high percent of BOD. Disadvantages High operating cost. Generated solids requiring sludge disposal. Some process alternatives are sensitive to shock loads and metallic or other poisons. Requires continuous air supply. For a small population of 20000 and river being so sensitive I recommend using Trickling Filter would be more advisable for the town. Excess nitrogen and phosphorous compounds can over stimulate the growth of aquatic weeds and algae. Excess growth of these organisms can blue baby syndrome. Apply two-thirds to three-fourths of the planned fertilizer nitrogen just before the crop enters a period of rapid growth. Proper timing ensures maximum daily nitrogen uptake and minimizes the likelihood of unused nitrogen leaching below the plant roots. Apply a reasonable amount of nitrogen to your crop. When grain and forage yields are low, less nitrogen will be removed with the grain, silage, or hay crop or by grazing. Because a soil test is not a reliable means of predicting nitrogen response, consider analyzing plant samples collected early in a period of rapid growth. The need for additional nitrogen can be determined and applied before the crop matures. If your crop will follow peanuts, soybeans, or forage legumes (clover or alfalfa) of average or greater yield, reduce the amount of nitrogen you apply. Soybeans and peanuts may provide 20 to 40 pounds of carryover nitrogen per acre. A strong alfalfa stand may provide 80 to 100 pounds of nitrogen per acre for the next crop. Be sure to analyze animal, municipal, and industrial wastes for nitrogen content when applied to cropland. Guard against dumping, as this practice may contaminate water with excess nitrate. Throughout the sandy soil surfaces of the coastal plain, do not apply nitrogen in the fall for springplanted crops. Piedmont fields may receive some nitrogen (up to one-half of crop needs) for springplanted crops.